Cardano's holder base consists primarily of retail investors who already own ADA directly and lack the institutional demand that drove Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF adoption.

"Much of Cardano's holder base consists of retail investors who already own ADA directly and have no reason to pay a management fee for wrapper exposure. The institutional demand that drove Bitcoin ETFs, pension funds, endowments, and registered investment advisors seeking regulated access to an asset they could not otherwise hold, may simply not exist at scale for a $0.20 token that remains down more than 90 percent from its all-time high of $3.10."